Electrosurgical tissue dissecting device

ABSTRACT

Electrosurgical devices, methods, and systems for electrosurgical procedures as enabled by bipolar radiofrequency energy. An electrosurgical tissue dissecting device includes a shaft, a distally directed member that extends in a distal direction from the shaft, a first electrode that either forms part of or is positioned on the distally directed member, and a second electrode that is movable with respect to the first electrode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,149, filed Jun. 28, 2012, which in turn, claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/502,268, filed Jun. 28, 2011, the contents of both applications being incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for any and all purposes.

FIELD

The disclosed technology relates to systems and methods for electrosurgery. More particularly, the technology relates to devices, methods, and systems of electrosurgical tissue dissection and tissue sealing.

BACKGROUND

The technology provided in this disclosure relates to electrosurgical devices, methods, and systems for electrosurgical procedures as enabled by bipolar radiofrequency energy.

SUMMARY

The technology provided in this disclosure relates to electrosurgical devices, methods, and systems for electrosurgical procedures as enabled by bipolar radiofrequency energy. Some technology embodiments are dedicated to electrosurgical dissection, other embodiments include a combination of electrosurgical dissection and tissue sealing capabilities. A dual modality device advantageously allows a minimization of device laparoscopic entry-exit events during a surgical procedure that involves (or may involve) both electrosurgical dissection and sealing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts a tissue dissector including a concentric bipolar electrode pair, according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a tissue dissector including two side-by-side bipolar electrodes, according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 depicts a tissue dissector including two forked tines and an internal blade, all in a fixed position, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a tissue dissector including two forked tines, at least one of which is pivotable, and an internal blade, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a tissue dissector including two jaws, at least one of which is pivotable, and an internal blade that pivots upward from the second jaw (but which cannot flip to an external position), according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6A depicts a tissue dissector including a blade having a proximal pivot point, as shown in a closed position, according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6B depicts the tissue dissector of FIG. 6A with the blade shown in an open position.

FIG. 7A depicts a tissue dissector including a blade having a distal pivot point, as shown in a closed position, according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7B depicts the tissue dissector of FIG. 7A with the blade shown in an open position.

FIG. 8A depicts a tissue dissector including a blade having a foldable projecting mechanism, as shown in a closed position, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8B depicts the tissue dissector of FIG. 8A with the blade shown in an open position.

FIG. 9A depicts a tissue dissector including a blade having a flexible projecting mechanism, as shown in a home position, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9B depicts the tissue dissector of FIG. 9A with the blade shown in a projected position.

FIG. 10A depicts a tissue dissector and sealer including a pivotable blade shown in a neutral position, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10B depicts the tissue dissector and sealer of FIG. 10A with the blade shown between the jaws.

FIG. 10C depicts the tissue dissector and sealer of FIG. 10A with the blade shown external to the jaws.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Examples of embodiments of the technology are provided hereinafter. Particular technology features are described in the context of these various embodiments. Technology features that may be described or depicted in any one particular embodiment may also be applied to any other embodiment.

FIGS. 1 and 2 depict a first group of embodiments of the technology including a tissue dissector which takes the form of a point-focused dissector. The device of FIG. 1 includes an electrode assembly 10 that includes a distally directed pair of bipolar electrodes including a first electrode 12 and a second electrode 14, the electrodes disposed in a concentric configuration; and an isolating layer 16 disposed between the first and second electrodes.

In the alternative configuration shown in FIG. 2, the electrodes 18 and 20 are disposed in a side-by-side configuration with an isolating layer 22 separating the electrodes from each other. This first group of devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is typically used for kinetically dissecting along a desired line of dissection, or for point-focused dissection.

A second group of embodiments of the technology shown in FIGS. 3-5, takes the form of a device with a tissue-receiving window for distally advancing kinetic dissection. In this application, “kinetic dissection” generally refers to a dissection that is driven by manual movement of the electrode assembly, or the device as a whole, by an operator such as a surgeon. Embodiments may vary with regard to whether the tines are fixed or pivotable, as will be described hereinafter.

More particularly, FIG. 3 depicts an electrode assembly 24 that includes a shaft 23, a pair of directed tines 26 that are distal to the shaft 23. The tines 26 are in a substantially parallel forked configuration, the forked configuration comprising a gap 27 between the tines 26. The tines 26 and the gap 27 collectively comprise a distal-facing tissue receiving window 28.

The electrode assembly 24 includes a pair of bipolar electrodes, including a first electrode and a second electrode. More particularly, the first and second tines 26 act collectively as a first bipolar electrode 26′. The second electrode 30 is in the form of an electrosurgical blade 30′ and is disposed orthogonally across a proximal aspect of the gap 27 between the tines 26. An isolator layer 32 electrically separates the first and second electrodes 26′ and 30.

Tissue that comes into contact with either or both of the tines 26 and the electrosurgical blade 30′ at the same time is subject to dissection by electrosurgical energy delivered by the device. The tines 26 are fixed such that they are not pivotable with respect to each other, however, the tines 26 are pivotable with respect to the shaft 23 about a pivot point 25. Alternatively, the tines 26 may be fixed to the shaft 23 such that the tines 26 can not pivot with respect to the shaft 23.

FIGS. 4 and 5 depict dedicated tissue dissector devices 37 and 39, respectively, that are each configured as an electrode assembly including a set of opposable jaws 34 a and 34 b (referred to collectively as jaws 34) that can move between an open and a closed position. Accordingly, an electrode assembly of this type of device includes a set of opposing jaws 34. The jaws 34 are moveable from a closed position to an open position (see FIG. 4, for example). When the jaws 34 are in an open position, the electrodes 36 and 38 form a distal-facing tissue trap that is configured and arranged to dissect a tissue sheet kinetically, as when the electrode assembly is distally advanced by an operator. In another aspect, the opposing jaws 34 may also be configured to be able to dissect from a fixed position, as when the jaws 34 close around a tissue site.

In FIG. 4 the opposable jaws 34 are configured such that jaw 34 b is fixed with respect to the shaft 35 to which it is attached, and the other jaw 34 a is pivotable with respect to the shaft 35. In FIG. 5, both jaws 34 are pivotable with respect to the shaft 35.

Bipolar electrodes 36 and 38 are arranged in FIGS. 4 and 5 of the electrode assembly in a manner similar to that as described for FIG. 3. Tissue that comes into contact with either or both of the jaws 34 and the electrosurgical blade 38′ at the same time is subject to dissection by electrosurgical energy delivered by the device 37 and 39.

In the second group of embodiments of the technology shown in FIGS. 3-5, at least one of the jaws (or tines) or the electrosurgical blade may comprise a plurality of electrodes 36 and 38, the electrode assembly thereby comprising a plurality of bipolar electrode pairs 36 and 38. The devices further include an isolator 32 or electrically insulative layer that electrically isolates the first and second electrodes 36 and 38 from each other.

In various embodiments of the opposable jaws of FIGS. 4 and 5, the jaws 34 a and 34 b are capable of being open at an angle of up to about 90 degrees. The jaws 34 a and 34 b may be further configured to lock or stabilize in an open position at a desired angle.

FIG. 5 depicts an electrosurgical blade element 38′ that is movable between at least two different positions. The movable blade 38′ is pivotably attached to the lower jaw 34 b in this exemplary embodiment by a pin (not shown) located at the lower, proximal end of the blade 38′. In a first position (not shown), the blade 38′ is pivoted distally and downwardly until it is retracted within a slot 41 located in the lower jaw 34 b. In the second position shown in FIG. 5, the blade 38′ is pivoted upwardly and proximally such that it spans between the upper and lower jaws 34, with the distal tip 43 of the blade 38′ received within a slot 45 of the upper jaw 34 bIn all positions, the blade 38′ is electrically isolated from both the upper and lower jaws 34 in this embodiment. Although not shown, a suitable mechanism and/or electronic, pneumatic or hydraulic circuit may be employed to operationally connect the blade 38′ to a blade actuator (not shown) located near the proximal end (i.e., toward shaft 35) of the device 39 or external to the device 39.

When the electrosurgical blade 38′ of FIG. 5 is in the deployed second position as described above, RF energy may be passed between the blade 38′ and the first electrode 36, which, in this example, is both the upper and lower jaws 34. The RF energy delivered through the blade 38′ to the tissue is sufficient to electrosurgically cut the tissue as the blade 38′ moves through the tissue. The edges of the blade 38′ including the leading distal edge 47 may be configured as blunt edges such that all cutting is performed electrosurgically. Alternatively, the leading distal edge 47 of the blade 38′ may be sharpened so that cutting may occur manually simply by forward movement of the instrument, with or without additional electrosurgical cutting. Depending on the application, the cutting or dissection, performed with or without the use of RF energy, may involve pure cutting with no concurrent hemostasis, may involve some coagulation, or may involve coagulation with complete hemostasis.

The device 39 shown in FIG. 5 resembles embodiments of a fourth group, as described further below with reference to FIGS. 10A-10C. For example, the immediately preceding description regarding the deployment of an electrosurgical blade 38′ in the context of FIG. 5 also substantially applies to FIGS. 10A-10C. However, the device 39 shown in FIG. 5, in contrast to the device 60 shown in FIGS. 10A-10C, is a dedicated dissecting instrument, without tissue sealing capability. Further, while the electrosurgical blade 38′ of FIG. 5 is configured to be able to move into the gap 27 between the jaws 34; the electrosurgical blade 38′ is not free to pivot to a position external to the jaws 34.

Additionally, the construction of the electrode assembly of FIG. 5, which comprises electrodes 36 and 38, can be relatively light in comparison to the device 60 of FIGS. 10A-10C. More particularly, the device 39 of FIG. 5 is not required to effect compression forces associated with tissue sealing. Finally, it should be understood that the electrosurgical blade 38′ of FIG. 5 may be able to rotate externally outward beyond the jaws 34, thereby forming a device configuration that is particularly similar to that of the device 60 of FIGS. 10A-10C.

A third group of embodiments of the technology shown in FIGS. 6A-9B, takes the form of a dedicated dissector device 51 a-51 d (referred to collectively as device 51) that includes a handle or shaft 49, a distally directed member 57 and an electrosurgical blade 55 a-55 d (referred to collectively as blade 55) that is moveably coupled with respect to the shaft 49 and the distally directed member 57. The distally directed member 57 is the first electrode 57′ of the device 51, and the electrosurgical blade 55 is the second electrode 55′ of the device 51. Some of these embodiments may be operated with a manually driven movement of the device 51, and consequently, movement of the electrode assembly along a targeted line of dissection. This type of movement driven dissection is referred to as kinetic dissection.

The third group of embodiments shown in FIGS. 6A-9B are dedicated dissecting devices, with electrosurgical blades that are pivotable or otherwise movable such that at least a portion of the blade 55 is exposed into a position that can engage tissue for dissection. The projecting blade 55 of this and other embodiments of the present disclosure provides the ability to cut through layers of tissue to gain access to target tissue. For example, the projecting blade allows cutting through adhesions to gain access to an organ, or cutting around a tissue mass, which may be difficult or impossible using a cutting blade located between two jaw members. In some embodiments, the distance that the blade 55 projects from the device is adjustable. This allows for controlled depth cutting of tissue and/or vessel sealing.

One embodiment of this third embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A-9B has an electrode assembly that includes a distally directed member 57 comprising a first electrode 57′ of a bipolar electrode pair, and an electrosurgical blade 55 comprising a second electrode 55 a′-55 d′ (referred to collectively as second electrode 55′) of the bipolar electrode pair.

Embodiments of the blade 55 are configured to be moveable from a home position (see FIGS. 6A, 7A, 8A and 9A), wherein the blade 55 is longitudinally aligned with the distally directed member 57, to any of a range of outwardly projected positions (see FIGS. 6B, 7B, 8B and 9B), wherein the blade 55 projects beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57. An isolator 59 or electrically insulative layer typically isolates the first and second electrodes 57′ and 55′ from each other from electrical contact.

In some of the devices of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A-9B, at least one of the distally directed member 57 and the electrosurgical blade 55 comprises a plurality of electrodes 57′ and 55′, the electrode assembly thereby comprising a plurality of bipolar electrode pairs.

The electrode assemblies of FIGS. 6A-9B are configured to effect a controlled-depth tissue cut when the electrode housing assembly is moved across a target tissue surface by an operator. Such operator-driven movement may include any of distally directed translational movement, proximally directed translational movement, or lateral movement. Movements of this type across or through tissue, to a certain depth, may be useful in various surgical maneuvers. For example, this type of dissection may be directed to an exposing function, to access to an underlying site of interest. Or, it may be directed to an exfoliating function, where a portion of a layer of tissue is being removed.

In some of the devices 51 of FIGS. 6A-9B, the electrosurgical blade 55 may be pivotably connected to the distally directed member 57, such pivotable connection allowing the blade 55 to attain a position wherein at least a portion of the blade 55 projects beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57. In various embodiments of FIGS. 6A-9B, the site of a pivotable connection of the blade 55 to the distally directed member 57 may be disposed at any appropriate position along the blade 55 between its proximal end 61 and distal end 63. In various embodiments of FIGS. 6A-9B, the electrosurgical blade 55 is pivotably connected to the distally directed member 57 such that it has a pivotable arc range of up to 90 degrees from the site of its connection.

A variety of other mechanisms may allow the electrosurgical blade 55 to be projected beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57. For example, in some embodiments of FIGS. 6A-9B the electrosurgical blade 55 may be projectable beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57 by a foldable mechanism.

With regard to being configured to be able to cut to a controlled depth, when the electrosurgical blade 55 is positioned in an outwardly projected position (see FIGS. 6B, 7B, 8B and 9B), a distance ‘d’ between a point that projects most further from the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57 defines a cutting zone depth. In some embodiments, the electrosurgical blade 55 is lockable or stabilizable at any position within an arc of its pivotable range.

In the device of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the blade 55 a is pivotably connected to the isolator 59 at a proximal location on the isolator 59 (i.e., at a location toward the shaft 49 and away from the free end of the distally directed member 57). The isolator 59 is defined on an elongated recess that is formed on a surface of the distally directed member 57.

In the device of FIGS. 7A and 7B, the blade 55 b is pivotably connected to the isolator 59 at a distal location on the isolator 59 (i.e., at a location away from the shaft 49 and toward the free end of the distally directed member 57).

In the device of FIGS. 8A and 8B, the blade 55 c comprises a linkage having two links that are pivotably connected together by a pin. One link of the linkage is pivotably connected to the isolator 59 at a proximal location on the isolator 59, and the other link of the linkage is slidably connected to an elongated slot 53 that is defined in the isolator 59. The links of the linkage are configured to pivot with respect to one another, as depicted in FIG. 8B.

In the device of FIGS. 9A and 9B, the electrosurgical blade 55 comprises a flexible portion 55 d that is constrained in the home position (see FIG. 9A). The flexible portion 55 d is slidably positioned in an elongated slot 53 a that is defined in the isolator 59. The flexible portion 55 d is biased such that it causes the flexible portion 55 d to project outward beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member 57 (projected positioned shown in FIG. 9B) when the flexible portion 55 d is released from the constraint in the home position (home position shown in FIG. 9A). The flexible portion 55 d may be biased outward by a spring (not shown), for example.

A fourth embodiment of the technology shown in FIGS. 10A-10C takes the form of a combination device 60 that includes a tissue sealer and a dissector. The dissector has two operable dissecting arrangements based on the position of the jaws 62 a and 62 b (referred to collectively as jaws 62) and the blade 64. An isolating layer 63 is defined on both jaws 62.

The device 60 includes at least three electrodes, i.e., two electrosurgical jaws 62 a and 62 b and an electrosurgical blade 66, which collectively are configured to be able to operate in tissue sealing and tissue dissecting modalities. Accordingly, the device 60 includes at least three electrodes (i.e., a first electrode 62 a′, a second electrode 62 b′, and a third electrode 64′), a pair of opposing jaws 62 (i.e., a first jaw 62 a and a second jaw 62 b), and a pivotable electrosurgical blade 64.

The first opposable jaw 62 a comprises the first electrode 62 a′, the second opposable 62 b jaw comprises the second electrode 62 b′, and the pivotable electrosurgical blade 64 comprises the third electrode 64′. The electrosurgical blade 64 is pivotably-attached to the second jaw 62 b at a first end 66 and unattached at the second end 68. The first and second electrodes 62 a′ and 62 b′ are operable together as a bipolar electrode pair, and the first and second electrodes 62 a′ and 62 b′ are collectively operable as a single electrode that operates together with the third electrode 64′ as a bipolar electrode pair.

The device 60 may be configured for tissue sealing by grasping a portion of tissue between the two opposable jaws 62. In a procedure or portion of a procedure that includes a tissue sealing event, the first and second jaws 62 are the operative as paired bipolar electrodes. Aspects of the mechanics and electrical dynamics of tissue sealing are described in other related patent applications: application Ser. No. 12/121,734 filed May 15, 2008; application Ser. No. 09/169,019 filed Oct. 8, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,701 issued Sep. 26, 2000; application Ser. No. 13/021,633 filed Feb. 4, 2011; application Ser. No. 13/096,912 filed Apr. 28, 2011; application Ser. No. 13/070,391 filed Mar. 23, 2011; application Ser. No. 13/110,848 filed May 18, 2011; application Ser. No. 13/021,633 filed Feb. 4, 2011; application Ser. No. 12/907,646 filed Oct. 19, 2010, each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

The electrosurgical device 60 of FIGS. 10A-10C is configured to dissect tissue in two ways, depending on the operating arrangement of the electrode assembly, i.e., depending on whether the opposing jaws 62 are in an open position or a closed position, and depending on the position of electrosurgical blade 64 relative to the jaws 62. A first operable arrangement and a second operable arrangement of the electrode assembly are summarized below.

In the first operational arrangement of the device 60, the electrode assembly is arranged to kinetically dissect tissue with the jaws open, and the electrosurgical blade 64 is positioned between the jaws 62. The term ‘kinetic dissection’ refers to dissection that is driven by manual movement of the electrode assembly, or the device 60 as a whole, by the operator. Thus, the operational arrangement includes positioning the first and second jaws 62 in an open position (see FIG. 10A) to form a distal-facing gap, and pivoting the electrosurgical blade 64 such that it is disposed across the gap 27, as shown in FIG. 10B, the unattached end 68 of the blade 64 being stabilized by engaging the first jaw 62 a.

In some embodiments being configured for tissue dissecting comprises being configured for a kinetic or distally-advancing cutting with a bilaterally supported blade. Distally-advancing cutting relates to operator controlled movement of the electrode assembly. A bilaterally-supported blade includes stable support at the end of the blade that is pivotably attached to the second jaw 62 b, and stabilization or retention of the free end of the blade within the gap formed between the open jaws. When the jaws of the electrode assembly are in an open position, the height ‘h’ (see FIG. 10B) of the gap formed at the distal end of the jaws 62 comprises a tissue window; this height ‘h’ represents a limit to the thickness of a tissue portion that may be dissected by the device.

In the second operating arrangement of the device 60, the electrode assembly is arranged to kinetically dissect tissue with the jaws 62 closed or substantially closed, as shown in FIG. 10C, but with the electrosurgical blade 64 projected at an angle external to the second jaw 62 b to which it is attached, and opposite the first jaw 62 a. In some embodiments, being configured for tissue dissecting comprises locking or stabilizing the blade 64 at an acute angle ‘a’ with respect to the second jaw 62 b, thereby enabling the trapping of tissue when the device 60 is being advanced in the direction of the acute angle ‘a.’ In another operable arrangement, being configured for tissue dissecting comprises locking the blade 64 at a substantially right angle with respect to the second jaw 62 b, thereby enabling a tissue cutting profile of the blade's maximal depth.

In some embodiments, being configured for operator-driven movement of the electrode assembly comprises being configured to dissect tissue in accordance with any of distally directed translational movement, proximally directed translational movement, or lateral movement.

In some embodiments, being configured for tissue dissecting comprises being configured for cutting with a unilaterally supported blade. And, in some embodiments, tissue dissecting comprises operator driven movement cutting that cuts a portion of tissue that is limited by a length of the blade.

According to another aspect of the invention, the device 60, which combines tissue dissection and tissue sealing capability, includes an electrode assembly that includes: a pair of opposable jaws 62, a first jaw 62 a and a second jaw 62 b, wherein the first and second jaws 62 are rotationally joined at their respective proximal ends 70 such that the jaws 62 may pivot between an open position and a closed position, the open position creating a gap 27 between the two jaws 62; and a pivotable electrosurgical blade 64 rotationally joined to the second jaw 62 b, the blade 64 pivotably configured to be stabilized in a first, second, and third position.

In a first position, the blade 64 (see FIG. 10A) is stowed within a profile of the second jaw 62 a, the blade 64 being pivotable in either direction from the stowed position within an arc disposed between a second position (see FIG. 10B) that places a distal end 68 of the blade across the gap 27 between jaws 62 when they are in an open position such that the blade 64 is bilaterally supported, and a third position (see FIG. 10C) that places the distal end 68 of the blade 64 external to the second jaw 62 a. In this embodiment of the device 60, the first and second electrode 62 a′ and 62 b′ are operable together as a bipolar electrode pair, and the first and second electrode 62 a′ and 62 b′ are collectively operable as a single electrode that operates together with the third electrode 64′ as a bipolar electrode pair.

Several operational arrangements of the electrode assembly of the device 60 can be made, each being associated with a particular electrosurgical modality, as will be described hereinafter.

(1) When the jaws 62 are in an open position and when the electrosurgical blade 64 is in the parked position, the gap 27 between the first and second jaws 62 allows positioning of the first and second electrodes 62 a′ and 62 b′ such that they are configured to perform sealing of tissue portions that may be captured within the jaws 62.

(2) When the jaws 62 are in an open position and when the electrosurgical blade 64 is in the second position, the first and third electrode 62 a′ and 64′ are positioned to perform distally advancing tissue dissection by the blade 64 as it is supported bilaterally.

(3) When the jaws 62 are in a closed position, and when the blade is pivotably positioned external to the second jaw 62 b, the second and third electrodes 62 b′ and 64′ are positioned to perform operator-movement driven tissue dissection by blade as it is unilaterally supported.

The device 60 further comprises an isolator layer 63 separating first and second electrodes 62 a′ and 62 b′ when the blade 64 is in the second position of FIG. 10B, and an isolator layer 63 separating the second and third electrodes 62 b′ and 64′. The device 60 may further comprise a mechanical blade disposed proximal to the electrode assembly and configured to be distally advanceable through tissue after the first and second electrodes 62 a′ and 62 b′ have effected a sealing of the tissue. Finally, in some embodiments of the device 60, being configured for tissue sealing comprises being configured to grasp a portion of tissue between the two opposable jaws 62.

According to one exemplary method of using the device of FIGS. 3-5, the method comprises engaging a portion of a tissue sheet within the distal facing tissue trap; and delivering sufficient RF energy from the tissue dissection trap to the engaged portion of tissue such that the portion of tissue is dissected. Some embodiments of this method may further include manually advancing the electrode assembly in the direction of a targeted dissection line; and delivering RF energy while advancing. In methods that include the operation of devices equipped with an electrode assembly such as that of FIGS. 3-5, the method may further comprise adjusting the angle of the jaws, and it may further include stabilizing the angle of the jaws.

Although the jaws 36 of FIG. 4 may not be as heavy or robust as those of FIGS. 10A-10C in terms of being able to deliver compressive forces associated with tissue sealing, in some embodiments, the jaws 36 are configured to grasp tissue with sufficient force that the tissue is stabilized within the jaws 36. Accordingly, these embodiments are capable of a stabilized dissection as well as kinetic dissection.

Embodiments of the provided technology include methods of using devices of FIGS. 6A-9B, as summarized above. The method comprises providing a bipolar electrode assembly per device; positioning the electrosurgical blade such that it projects beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member; advancing the bipolar electrode assembly into a tissue sheet so as to engage a portion of the tissue sheet, the first and second jaws of the electrode assembly in an open position, forming a distally-directed tissue dissection trap; and delivering sufficient RF energy from the tissue dissection trap to the engaged portion of tissue such that the portion of tissue is dissected.

In some embodiments of this electrosurgical dissection method, the advancing of the electrode assembly and delivering energy steps are performed simultaneously or in at least partially overlapping fashion. And in some embodiments, the tissue dissection trap remains in an open position continuously or substantially continuously while engaging the portion of the tissue sheet.

In a method of electrosurgical dissection that involves the use of the devices of FIGS. 6A-9B, the method comprises moving a bipolar electrode assembly across a target tissue such that the electrosurgical blade, when projecting outward, dissects a portion of tissue to a controlled depth, such movement comprising movement in any of three directions, a distal direction, a proximal direction, or a lateral direction.

With regard to a method of electrosurgery involving the use of the devices of FIGS. 10A-10C, the method comprises passing a bipolar electrode assembly into an operating space; performing at least two electrosurgical procedures with the bipolar electrode assembly in the operating space prior to removing it from the operating space, a first procedure comprising tissue dissecting and a second procedure comprising tissue sealing, wherein the two procedures may be performed in any order; and upon completing the electrosurgical procedures, removing the bipolar electrode assembly from the operating space. The operating space for embodiments of these dual purpose devices may be within a laparoscopic environment or in an open environment. In the case of a laparoscopic space, the use of a device able to perform both tissue sealing and tissue dissecting is particularly advantageous in that it allows both procedures to be done within the temporal context between a single entry and exit of the device through a trocar.

In some embodiments of this method, making use of the devices of FIGS. 10A-10C, electrosurgical dissecting comprises moving an electrosurgical assembly along a line of dissection and delivering energy simultaneously. In typical embodiments of the method, performing two electrosurgical procedures comprises delivering RF energy in association with each procedure. In some of the embodiments of the electrosurgical method, tissue dissecting comprises dissecting a plurality of tissue dissecting sites. In some of the embodiments of the electrosurgical method, tissue sealing comprises sealing a plurality of tissue sealing sites.

With regard to electrosurgical tissue sealing with the device 60 of FIGS. 10A-10C, the embodiments of method may comprise compressing a target tissue sealing site and delivering RF energy to the sealing site. In this operational arrangement, the blade is disposed in a home position or a neutral position, such that it does not project beyond the profile of the jaws.

With regard to electrosurgical tissue dissecting device according to the device 60 of FIGS. 10A-10C, embodiments of the method may comprise distally advancing a bilaterally supported blade, the blade pivotably positioned across a gap between the open jaws.

Further with regard to electrosurgical dissecting, embodiments of the method may comprise cutting through a portion of a tissue sheet along a line of dissection. With regard to these embodiments, wherein along the line of dissection, the tissue sheet has a thickness no greater than a height of a cutting window of the bipolar electrode assembly, such cutting window being limited at least by the height of a gap between the distal tips of the opposing jaws when the jaws are in an open position.

With regard to electrosurgical dissecting, embodiments of the method may comprise dissecting with the electrosurgical blade when it is positioned external to the second jaw, projecting at an angle. In such an arrangement, the blade is unilaterally supported at the point of its pivotable attachment to the second jaw.

Embodiments of this method electrosurgical dissecting may include moving an electrosurgical cutting blade through a surface aspect of a tissue portion in any of three directions, a distal direction, a proximal direction, or a lateral direction. Embodiments may further include cutting a line of dissection into a portion of a tissue to a controlled depth.

Embodiments of the provided technology include devices and systems that incorporate embodiments of the electrode assemblies as summarized above. Devices thus may include any of the described electrode assemblies; a shaft supporting the electrode assembly; and a hand piece supporting the shaft. Embodiments may further include a rotational mechanism configured to rotate the shaft and the electrode assembly with respect to the hand piece, and/or they may include an articulating assembly disposed between the electrode assembly and the shaft. The scope of each embodiment described or depicted should be understood to include technology features described or depicted in the context of any other particular embodiment.

Some device and electrode assembly embodiments are sized and configured to be able to enter and operate in a laparoscopic space through currently available commercial trocars, including 5 mm diameter trocars. In these particular embodiments, therefore, both the shaft and the electrode assembly (in a closed state or arrangement) are of a sufficiently narrow diameter that they can easily pass through a 5 mm trocar.

Systems as provided by the technology may include any of described or depicted devices, as well as a generator operably connected to the electrosurgical device. Some embodiments of the generator are operable to deliver RF energy to the electrodes in any waveform selected from the group comprising a continuous cutting RF voltage waveform, a blended waveform with a continuous RF voltage waveform with a duty cycle of less than 100%, and a coagulation waveform comprising pulsed RF voltage. Further details of energy delivery capability are shown in Table 1.

Electrical Algorithm Parameters: Energy Delivery Ranges

Table 1 provides example ranges of operating parameters for the electrosurgical tissue sealing and the electrosurgical tissue dissecting operating modalities of embodiments of the technology. Embodiments of systems that are dedicated to dissecting are enabled to deliver energy within the parameters of dissecting energy. Embodiments of systems with electrode assemblies that are configured for dual purposes of both sealing and dissecting are enabled to deliver energy consistent with the parameters for both tissue sealing and tissue dissection.

TABLE 1 Electrical Algorithm Parameters: Energy Delivery Ranges Parameter Sealing Dissecting Max Voltage (volts) 85-115 volts 400 volts Ramp End Power (watts) 150 watts 10-100 watts Ramp Rate (watts/sec) 50-150 watts/sec 255 watts/sec 

What is claimed:
 1. An electrosurgical tissue dissecting device comprising: a shaft; a distally directed member that extends in a distal direction from the shaft; a first electrode that either forms part of or is positioned on the distally directed member; and an electrosurgical blade which is a second electrode that is configured to pivot with respect to the first electrode, wherein a proximal end of the electrosurgical blade is pivotably mounted to the distally directed member, and is movable such that at least a portion of the blade is exposed, wherein a distal end of the second electrode is configured to pivot with respect to the first electrode about a pivot point that is defined at the proximal end of the second electrode, and wherein the distally directed member defines an elongated recess formed on a surface of the distally directed member, wherein the electrosurgical blade is pivotable with respect to the distally directed member to a position in which the electrosurgical blade is disposed entirely within the recess.
 2. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 1, wherein the electrosurgical blade is pivotable with respect to the distally directed member between a home position, in which the electrosurgical blade is longitudinally aligned with the distally directed member, and an outwardly projected position, in which the electrosurgical blade projects beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member.
 3. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 2, wherein the electrosurgical blade defines a cutting zone depth when the electrosurgical blade is positioned in the outwardly projected position.
 4. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 3, wherein the cutting zone depth is controllable by pivoting the distal end of the second electrode with respect to the first electrode to change a distance that the electrosurgical blade projects from the device.
 5. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 1, wherein the electrosurgical blade is pivotable with respect to the distally directed member through a pivot arc range.
 6. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 5, wherein the pivot arc range is about 90 degrees.
 7. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 5, wherein the electrosurgical blade is lockable at any position within the pivot arc range.
 8. An electrosurgical tissue dissecting device comprising: a shaft; a distally directed member that extends in a distal direction from the shaft; a first electrode that either forms part of or is positioned on the distally directed member; and an electrosurgical blade which is a second electrode that is movable with respect to the first electrode, wherein the electrosurgical blade is movable with respect to the distally directed member such that at least a portion of the electrosurgical blade is exposed, wherein the electrosurgical blade is movable with respect to the distally directed member between a home position, in which the electrosurgical blade is positioned within a longitudinal profile of the distally directed member, and an outwardly projected position, in which the electrosurgical blade projects beyond the longitudinal profile of the distally directed member, and wherein the electrosurgical blade comprises a flexible portion that is slidably positioned in an elongated slot, the electrosurgical tissue dissecting device further comprising an isolator that isolates the first electrode from the second electrode to prevent electrical contact between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the elongated slot is defined in the isolator.
 9. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 8, wherein the electrosurgical blade defines a cutting zone depth when the electrosurgical blade is positioned in the outwardly projected position.
 10. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 8, wherein the flexible portion is constrained in the home position.
 11. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 8, wherein the flexible portion is biased toward the outwardly projected position.
 12. The electrosurgical tissue dissecting device of claim 8, wherein the flexible portion is releasable from the home position to permit the flexible portion to move to the outwardly projected position. 